In the quantum framework, we can also transfer quantum states and consequently, in addition to the classical capacity, we count also the quantum capacity. In the classical case, we can only transfer classical information, hence we only need to deal with the classical capacity. Following the work of Shannon 1 and the later quantum generalizations, the ability of a quantum channel to preserve the encoded classical or quantum information is described by its capacities 2, 3. Any real-world application though suffers from some kind of noise, each of which can be in turn described as a quantum process or equivalently as a quantum channel. Focusing on quantum communication, every communication protocol can be seen as a physical system (the encoded message) undergoing some physical transformation that translates it in space or time. All this is done by exploiting the characteristic features of quantum mechanics. The main goal of quantum information and communication theory is to understand how can we store, process, and transfer information in a reliable way and, from the physical point of view, to individuate realistic platforms by means of which performing these tasks.
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